Discontinuous approaches for nonlinear dynamic analyses of an ancient masonry tower

The aim of this paper is to present the development discontinuous approaches simulate nonlinear dynamic behaviour civic clock tower Rotella, in province Ascoli Piceno (Italy). study involves use Non-Smooth Contact Dynamics method implemented LMGC90© code, where sliding motions are governed by Signorini's impenetrability condition and dry-friction Coulomb's law, Discrete Element Method with cohesive tensional behaviours at joints 3DEC© code. was represented using three different geometric models ranged from most complex one, including full geometry multi-leaf masonry walls, simplest single-leaf walls as a simplification real masonry. numerical results highlighted modes failure depending on shape, size texture modalities progressive damage under actions. Moreover, both have proven be capable simulating large displacements complete block separations, reproducing mechanical making predictions vulnerability assessment historical buildings.